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原子發(fā)射光譜儀是測(cè)定每種化學(xué)元素的氣態(tài)原子或離子受激后所發(fā)射的特征光譜的波長(zhǎng)及強(qiáng)度來(lái)確定物質(zhì)中元素組成和含量。原子發(fā)射光譜儀，是將成分復(fù)雜的光分解為光譜線的科學(xué)儀器。原子發(fā)射光譜儀有火花原子發(fā)射光譜儀，光電原子發(fā)射光譜儀，手持式光譜儀，便攜式光譜儀，能量色散光譜儀，真空原子發(fā)射光譜儀等多種品種。原子發(fā)射光譜儀廣泛應(yīng)用于鑄造、鋼鐵、金屬回收和冶煉以及軍工、航天航空、電力、化工、高等院校和商檢、質(zhì)檢等部門(mén)。
Atomic emission spectrometer is the wavelength and intensity of the emitted spectral characteristics were measured for each of the chemical elements of gaseous atoms or ions stimulated after to determine material in pigment composition and content. Atomic emission spectrometer is a scientific instrument to decompose the complex optical components into spectral lines. Atomic emission spectrometer with spark atomic emission spectrometer, atomic emission spectrometer, portable spectrometer, portable spectrometer, energy dispersive spectrometer, vacuum atomic emission spectrometer and other varieties. Atomic emission spectrometry is widely used in casting, iron and steel, metal recovery and smelting and military, aerospace, power, chemical, higher education institutions and commodity inspection, quality inspection and other departments.
定義
Definition
原子發(fā)射光譜儀是根據(jù)試樣中被測(cè)元素的原子或離子，在光源中被激發(fā)而產(chǎn)生特征輻射，通過(guò)判斷這種特征輻射波長(zhǎng)及其強(qiáng)度的大小，對(duì)各元素進(jìn)行定性分析和定量分析的儀器。
Atomic emission spectrometer is based on atomic or ionic elements measured in the sample, in the light source was inspired by the characteristics of radiation, radiation wavelength and intensity of the feature size, the instrument of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of each element.
構(gòu)成
constitute
原子發(fā)射光譜儀，是將成分復(fù)雜的光分解為光譜線的科學(xué)儀器。它密封在一個(gè)溫度穩(wěn)定的恒溫機(jī)箱里，設(shè)計(jì)小巧，操作簡(jiǎn)易，設(shè)備的搬運(yùn)和操作只要一個(gè)人就能完成。這一類儀器一般包括：光源、單色器、檢測(cè)器和獨(dú)處器件。原子發(fā)射光譜儀裝備了超高靈敏度的光電倍增管，在全量程范圍內(nèi)使檢測(cè)器的動(dòng)態(tài)范圍能鑒別出成分的最微小的差別。原子發(fā)射光譜儀有火花原子發(fā)射光譜儀，光電原子發(fā)射光譜儀，手持式光譜儀，便攜式光譜儀，能量色散光譜儀，真空原子發(fā)射光譜儀等多種品種。原子發(fā)射光譜儀廣泛應(yīng)用于鑄造、鋼鐵、金屬回收和冶煉以及軍工、航天航空、電力、化工、高等院校和商檢、質(zhì)檢等部門(mén)。
Atomic emission spectrometer is a scientific instrument to decompose the complex optical components into spectral lines. It is sealed in a stable temperature cabinet, the design is small, easy to operate, equipment handling and operation as long as a person can be completed. This kind of instrument includes: light source, monochromator, detectors and device alone. Atomic emission spectrometer equipped with a super high sensitivity of the photoelectric multiplier tube, in the full range of the dynamic range of the detector can identify the composition of the smallest difference. Atomic emission spectrometer with spark atomic emission spectrometer, atomic emission spectrometer, portable spectrometer, portable spectrometer, energy dispersive spectrometer, vacuum atomic emission spectrometer and other varieties. Atomic emission spectrometry is widely used in casting, iron and steel, metal recovery and smelting and military, aerospace, power, chemical, higher education institutions and commodity inspection, quality inspection and other departments.
基本部件
basic components
一、激發(fā)光源
Excitation light source
1、激發(fā)光源的作用
1, the role of the excitation source
作為光譜分析的光源對(duì)試樣都具有兩個(gè)作用：
As the light source of the spectrum analysis, the sample has two functions:
*把試樣中的組分蒸發(fā)、解離為氣態(tài)原子。
* the component in the sample is evaporated and dissociated into a gaseous state.
*使氣態(tài)原子激發(fā)(即光源的主要作用是對(duì)試樣的蒸發(fā)、解離和激發(fā)提供所需的能量)。
* the main function of the light source is to provide the energy required for the evaporation, dissociation and excitation of the sample.
2、激發(fā)光源的要求
2, the requirements of the excitation light source
激發(fā)能力強(qiáng)、靈敏度高、穩(wěn)定性好、結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、操作方便、使用安全
Strong excitation ability, high sensitivity, good stability, simple structure, convenient operation and safe use.
3、常用的光源：直流電弧、低壓交流電弧、高壓火花和電感耦合等離子體(ICP)等。
3, commonly used light source: DC arc, low voltage AC arc, high voltage spark and inductively coupled plasma (ICP), etc..
4、光源的選擇
4, the choice of light source
(1)、分析元素的性質(zhì)
(1) the nature of the elements
元素的揮發(fā)性，以及它們的電離電位直接影響該元素的蒸發(fā)和激發(fā)。
The volatility of the elements, and their ionization potentials directly affect the evaporation and excitation of the element.
(2)、分析元素的含量
(2) content of analytical elements
對(duì)低含量元素，需要較高的絕對(duì)靈敏度，它不僅與激發(fā)溫度有關(guān)，而且與蒸發(fā)溫度有關(guān)。
For low content elements, higher absolute sensitivity is needed. It is not only related to the excitation temperature, but also to the evaporation temperature.
(3)試樣的性質(zhì)
(3) the properties of the sample
(4)、分析任務(wù)
(4) analysis task
5、樣品導(dǎo)入光源的方法：固體自電極法、粉末法、溶液法、氣態(tài)法
5, sample introduction light source method: the solid self electrode method, the powder method, the solution method, the gas method
二、色散儀
Two, dispersion instrument
作用：將光源發(fā)射的不同波長(zhǎng)的光色散成為光譜或單色光。
Effect: the light emission at different wavelengths of light dispersion become spectrum or monochromatic light.
分類：按色散器件的不同可分為棱鏡色散儀和光柵色散儀。
Classification: according to the different dispersion device can be divided into prism dispersion instrument and grating dispersion instrument.
構(gòu)造：照明系統(tǒng)、準(zhǔn)光系統(tǒng)、色散系統(tǒng)。
Structure: lighting system, quasi optical system, dispersion system.
三、檢測(cè)器
Three, detector
在原子發(fā)射光譜法中，常用的檢測(cè)方法有：目視法、攝譜法和光電法。
In the atomic emission spectrometry, the commonly used detection methods are: visual method, spectral method and photoelectric method.
這三種方法基本原理都相同，都是把激發(fā)試樣獲得的復(fù)合光通過(guò)入射狹縫照射到分光元件上，使之色散為光譜。然后通過(guò)測(cè)量譜線而檢測(cè)試樣中的分析元素，其區(qū)別就在于目視法用人眼去接受，攝譜法用感光板接受，光電法用光電倍增管接受。目前，廣泛使用的是攝譜法。
The basic principles of the three methods are the same, and the composite light which is obtained by the excitation sample is irradiated to the light splitting element through the entrance slit. And then by measuring the spectral lines and detection of the analysis of the elements in the sample, the difference lies in the visual method with the human eye to accept, the photographic spectrum method with a photographic plate to accept, photoelectric multiplier tube to accept. At present, the widely used is the perturbation method.
特點(diǎn)
Characteristic
它具有樣品用量少，應(yīng)用范圍廣且快速，靈敏和選擇性好等特點(diǎn)。
It has the characteristics of less sample consumption, wide application range, rapid, sensitive and selective.
應(yīng)用
application
原子發(fā)射光譜儀主要應(yīng)用于冶金、地質(zhì)、石油、環(huán)保、化工、新材料、醫(yī)藥、衛(wèi)生等方面的樣品分析。
Atomic emission spectrometer is mainly used in metallurgy, geology, petroleum, environmental protection, chemical industry, new materials, medicine, health and other aspects of the sample analysis.
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